A Systematic Survey on Energy-Efficient Techniques in Sustainable Cloud Computing
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Authors:: Bharany, Salil; Sharma, Sandeep; Khalaf, Osamah Ibrahim; Abdulsahib, Ghaida Muttashar; Al Humaimeedy, Abeer S.; Aldhyani, Theyazn H. H.; Maashi, Mashael; Alkahtani, Hasan
Title:: A Systematic Survey on Energy-Efficient Techniques in Sustainable Cloud Computing
Publication Title:: "Sustainability"
Date:: 2022
URL:: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/6256
DOI:: 10.3390/su14106256
Bibliography
Bharany, S., Sharma, S., Khalaf, O. I., Abdulsahib, G. M., Al Humaimeedy, A. S., Aldhyani, T. H. H., Maashi, M., & Alkahtani, H. (2022). A Systematic Survey on Energy-Efficient Techniques in Sustainable Cloud Computing. Sustainability, 14(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106256
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Type:: #zotero/journalArticle
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Keywords:: [๐, Green Software, Energy Efficiency, cloud computing, virtualization, sustainability, carbon emission, cloud data centers, energy consumption, green cloud]
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Abstract
Global warming is one of the most compelling environmental threats today, as the rise in energy consumption and CO2 emission caused a dreadful impact on our environment. The data centers, computing devices, network equipment, etc., consume vast amounts of energy that the thermal power plants mainly generate. Primarily fossil fuels like coal and oils are used for energy generation in these power plants that induce various environmental problems such as global warming ozone layer depletion, which can even become the cause of premature deaths of living beings. The recent research trend has shifted towards optimizing energy consumption and green fields since the world recognized the importance of these concepts. This paper aims to conduct a complete systematic mapping analysis on the impact of high energy consumption in cloud data centers and its effect on the environment. To answer the research questions identified in this paper, one hundred nineteen primary studies published until February 2022 were considered and further categorized. Some new developments in green cloud computing and the taxonomy of various energy efficiency techniques used in data centers have also been discussed. It includes techniques like VM Virtualization and Consolidation, Power-aware, Bio-inspired methods, Thermal-management techniques, and an effort to evaluate the cloud data centerโs role in reducing energy consumption and CO2 footprints. Most of the researchers proposed software level techniques as with these techniques, massive infrastructures are not required as compared with hardware techniques, and it is less prone to failure and faults. Also, we disclose some dominant problems and provide suggestions for future enhancements in green computing.
Notes & Annotations
๐ Annotations (imported on 2023-09-19#14:07:56)
Energy consumption in data centers was estimated as 1.4% of the total EEC (power consumption), increasing 12% annually [12โ14].
A recent report by Accenture shows that small organizations and mid-range corporations can reduce up to 90% CO2 emissions if they shift toward cloud resources, and even for large organizations, they can save at least 40โ60% reductions in emissions if they establish the whole infrastructure on the cloud [12โ15].
- Kitchenham, B.; Brereton, O.P.; Budgen, D.; Turner, M.; Bailey, J.; Linkman, S. Systematic literature reviews in software engineeringโA systematic literature review. Inf. Softw. Technol. 2009, 51, 7โ15. [CrossRef]
- Kitchenham, B. Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele UK Keele Univ. 2004, 33, 1โ26.
- Barroso, L.A.; Clidaras, J.; Hรถlzle, U. The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines, Second edition. Synth. Lect. Comput. Archit. 2013, 8, 1โ154. [CrossRef]
- Bawdy, T. Global warming: Data centres to consume three times as much energy in next decade, experts warn. Independent 2016, 23, 276.
(i) Server idle mode energy consumption is symbolized by EIdle.
(ii) Cooling system energy consumed is symbolized by Ecool.
(iii) Computation resource consumed energy is symbolized by ECompu.
(iv) Storage resource consumed energy is symbolized by EStore.
(v) Communication resource consumed of energy is symbolized by Ecommu.
Equation (1) above can, therefore, be translated into:
โE Total = (Eidle + Ecool + ECommu + EStore + ECompu) + ESched
The consumption of energy in data centers worldwide is estimated at 1.4% of the total EEC (electricity energy consumption) and grows annually at 12% [28].
- Dybรฅ, T.; Dingsรถyr, T.; Hanssen, G.K. Applying systematic reviews to diverse study types: An experience report. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, Madrid, Spain, 20โ21 September 2007; pp. 225โ234.
Over the last decade, the global energy usage in data centers has possibly increased by 6 percent between 2010 and 2018 [71].
[71]: @Masanet.etal.2020.RecalibratingGlobalData
Mainly, there are two constitutional approaches to eliminating energy usage at the software level. The first is minimizing the resources used by computers (reducing the number of active servers). The other way is to decrease the energy consumed by memory (cutting down the number of active memory ports).